The volume concludes with a discussion of ship trials and the final preparations required for delivery from the shipyard to the owner. In this edition, the edition Glossary has been significantly expanded to cover all unfamiliar terms used in both design and construction of ships rather than only the construction terms defined previously.
Acronyms, abbreviations, and symbols have been defined as they appear within t h e text instead of the previous practice of including them in separate tables. In general, the symbols used are in accordance with the Interna- tional Towing Tank Conference Committee on the Presentation of Data.
The Metric Conversion Act of P. One of the major departures of SI from previous metric systems is the use of distinctly separate units for maas and force. In SI, the unit of force, the newton N , instead of being related to gravity, is defined as being equal to the acceleration it imparts to a unit mass, the kilogram kg.
T h e SI unit for mass not force is the kilogram, used to specify the quantity of matter in a body. T h e SI unit for force is the newton. One newton applied t o a mass of one kilogram gives a n acceleration of one meter per second squared. Weight is sometimes defined as the force which, when applied to a body, would give it an acceleration equal to the local acceleration of free fall.
Because of'this conventional usage, it has not been possible to delete the dual use of the tern1 weiqht as a quantity thrzughout the entire text nor to specify whether mass or force is intended. The practice followed throughout the hook has been to present ail dimecsions in SI units followed by U. Customary units in parentheses. Occasionally, to avoid confusion, separate comparable tables or graphs are presented in the two sets of units. Also, on some illustra- tions, SI units only are given to eliminate unnecessary crowding.
When expressing dis- placement, deadweight, buoyancy, or other vertical forces associated with gravitational acceleration the conventional use of long tons has been retained; furthermore, long tons and metric tons have been used interchangeably because of the small difference between these two measures.
Similar treatment has been used in dealing with horsepower. For a complete listing of the SI unit terms and conversion factors used throughout the text, the reader is referred to the Glossary under SI Units.
I t was created in and comprises a forum in which worldwide maritime problems, except those concerning rates and tariffs, are presented, evaluated, and solved. It is a standards-making body, a medium of exchange of information on shipping matters, and a means of promoting measures to facilitate the movement of ships and their cargo. IMCO has facilitated many interna- tional agreements on safety, pollution, and ship requirements and a mechanism has been established for keeping these agreements up to date.
T h e organization does not possess direct regulatory powers. However, international agreements developed by IMCO on the subject of shipping and other sea-related questions, when brought into effect by assent of the required number of participating national governments, do become binding upon mariners of those nations through the respective national legislative processes.
IMCO also functions as a source of information and counsel to other elements of the United Nations organization having an interest in maritime matters. In its relatively brief existence, IMCO has dealt with a wide variety of problems related to the sea.
The types of craft discussed range from conventional displacement ships with a variety of missions to offshore structures, hydrofoils, and air cushion vehicles together with their equipment and requirements for the personnel to operate them. Not only is operation of the ship considered, but the impact of the ship on the environment as well. The concepts of traffic separation and ship control disciplines have been considered as they relate to the Rules of the Road in various restricted areas of the world's sea lanes.
These various conventions and their effects on ship design and construction are mentioned in several chapters of this book.
The authors of the chapters of this edition of S h l p Design and Construction wish to ex- tend their appreciation for the following contributions: Mr.
Iciss Chapter I is indebted to r? Scott Dillon, author of this chapter in the previous edition is deserving of the initial indi- vidual acknowledgment, since he provided an excellent basis on which to build and since he served as one of the author's principal mentors in the area of ship design. Special thanks are due to Sharon Bowers for her accurate typing and reproduction of numerous drafts of the text. In addition the following individuals provided essential assistance in gathering data, preparing illustrations, converting English units to Metric, and generally offering useful critical reviews of the text: Charles B.
Cherrix, Thomas G. Connors, Alexander C. Landsburg, George H. Levine, Robert M. Michel Chapter 11 extends his appreciation to numerous companies and individuals for the use of their data and illustrations in the preparation of this text. Gratitude goes to the following people who contributed directly to this chapter: George C.
Tapscott Chapter is grateful for the ship arrangement drawings supplied by Ronald K. Kiss and material used from Chapter XI of the previous edition authored by E. Maier and A. Graf of the American Bureau of Shipping; Mr. Graf provided immeasurable assistance in the technical aspects and provided the excellent sketches. Chapter VI was initially authored by Dr. Randolph Paulling and a later draft was coauthored by Dr.
Rolf Glasfeld. However, although the output of these two authors was of high technical caliber, the Control Committee decided that the material was more ap- plicable to Principles of N a v a l Architecture than to S h i p Design a n d Constrnction. As a result of this decision, and concurrence by the P N A Control Committee, this material will be readapted for that publication. The tremendous effort put forth by these authors in attempting to meet S D C deadlines is sincerely appreciated.
Bannerman and Hsien Y. J a n and is directed toward those aspects of structural design that are particularly applicable to the problems encountered by the shipyard naval architect in developing a structure that is not only technically adequate but is also in consonance with regulatory agency requirernents. The present chapter in- corporates material from the edition of S h i p Design a n d Construction, specifically from Chapter , by Henry A.
Bannerman and Robert S. These coauthors would like to express their appreciation to the American Bureau of Shipping and particularly to Stanley Stiansen for making available the resources of that organization and to Drs. Paulling and Glasfeld for the material extracted from their earlier drafts. In addition they would like to acknowledge the assistance of Matias Wojnarowski, Hsao H.
Chen, and Donald Liu in preparing the text, and Robert Curry in reviewing the text. Hugo Petri of ABS participated in the preparation of the figures. The present chapter incorporates material from the previous edition's chapter of the same title by Thomas M. Wheatcroft for their helpful suggestions, to C. Herbert for his preparation of the figures, and to Mrs.
Tessalone for her assistance in preparation of the manuscript. T h e majority of the remaining illustrations were adaptations from the previous edition of S h i p Design and Construction. Boylston Chapter X appreciates the assistance in obtaining, and the permission given to publish the numerous illustrations for this chapter furnished by the following or- ganizations: MacGregor-Comarain, Inc.
Hagglund and Soner. Vice Admiral Price Chapter XI is indebted to the following for their assistance in either the development of the text or the use of figures and tables from their own articles pertaining to the subject: the late J.
Moss, Marcona Corp. King, BP Tanker Co. Lakey, Helge Rindal Inc. Hickman, National Steel and Shipbuilding Co. Henry Co. Benkert, American Institute of Merchant Shipping, on the overall outline of the chapter. The author's ability to meet the Control Committee's schedule is attributable to two dedicated secretaries, Pat Woolridge and Marilyn Poppe. Hunley Chapter XII would like to note that although he is listed as a co-author of this chapter, his contributions were primarily the reorganization and consolidation of ma- terial furnished by Arthur Pitchersky and Abraham Taplin Ship Control.
These gen- tlemen prepared the multiple drafts involved. Additionally, George Prentiss is to be thanked for his assistance in preparing the section on anchors and anchoring and Robert Taggart for the material on environmental force calculations and on dynamic posi- tioning.
Additionally he is indebted to the personnel of Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation for several of the illus- trations provided. Leavitt Chapter XVII wishes to state that the greater part of the end launching material is based on unpublished notes developed during his many years as Chief Naval Architect of the Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation. Several of the figures, with modifications, have been taken from Principles o f N a u a l Architecture.
Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky, Peace Publishers with symbols changed for consistency. The Ingalls Shipbuilding Division of Litton Industries is thanked for making available time and office, typing, and reproduction facilities for the preparation of this chapter.
Czudak, former Con- struction Representative for MarAd, fgr his valuable contributions toward the development of the chapter and particularly in the preparation of the sections on "Testing" and "De- livery"; also to Michael W. Walsh, MarAd, for his guidance and assistance in the preparation of the section on "Stability Tests. This dedication on the part of Norman Thompson mas characteristic of that exhibited by all of the Authors and the Control Committee who took part in the preparation of this book.
T h e Editor was indeed fortunate to have been closely associated with all of these outstanding and highly competent individuals rvho gave unstintingly of their time and effort in bringing this publication to fruition. Particularly worthy of' note is the work performed by David B. When the selectee for preparation of the Glossary and the Index re- quested relief from that task midway through the preparation of the book, Mr.
Bannerman cheerfully took over. Additionally, when problems arose with the text of Chapter VI, he again jumped into the breech and orchestrated a complete rewriting of that chapter between March and the publication date. T h e Editor is very grateful to the people on the staff of Robert Taggart Incorporated who have suffered through the lengthy procedure of developing the text and illustrations of this book.
Miss Evelyn Cerny kept careful track of the movements of the many chapters through the various stages of development, completely typed several of the chapters froin hand- written drafts, made editorial corrections in all chapters for each of three submissions to the Control Committee, and reproduced more than 75, pages of text to meet the re- quirements for review by all concerned. Jeffrey Lown and Caren Cathers prepared the majority of the illustrations t h a t are used throughout the text.
T h e staff a t Society headquarters has done a masterful job of final editing, the correcting of the galley and page proofs, and the layout of the latter; Trevor Lewis-Jones is due specific credit for keeping these final phases of preparation on schedule despite t h e inevitable last minute problems t h a t arose.
T h e Society's Technical Coordinator, Philip Poullada, was of signficant help in the work, particularly many of t h e illustrations in Chapter Finally, the Editor would like to express his appreciation to the Control Committee, and to its Chairman, E.
Scott Dillon. Although many Comtnittee members doubled as authors they all continued t o lend full suppc? I t is our sincere hope t h a t the final product proves worthy of this dedication.
Page Page 1 Introduction. Vice President. Beams and 17 Superstructures and Deckhouses. Assistant Chief Surveyor. George G. Chief Naval Architect. Survival Systems Branch. Marine Manager. Coast Guard Page Page 1 Introduction Regulatory Bodies and Construction 7 Financing Ronald K. Kiss , Mission Analysis and Basic Design. Section 1 Introduction 1.
T h e term basic design refers to deter- translates the mission requirements into naval architect. Thus, basic design includes the selection of technical feasibility studies to determine such fundament. It includes preliminary light-ship weight os maneuverability, the desired speed, endurance, cargo ca- timates usually derived from curves, formulas, or experienc:c.. Furthermore, it includes checks Alternative designs are generally analyzed in parametric and modifications for achievement of required cargo han- studies during this phase t o determine the most economicitI dling capability, quarters, hotel services, subdivision and design solution or whatever other controlling parameters ;rrcs stability standards, freeboard and tonnage measurement; considered determinant.
T h e selected concept design thc. These requirements, such as the nature of the cargos andlor b. Preliminary Design. A ship's preliminary desigl1 passengers t o be carried, have a powerful influence on the further refines t h e major ship characteristics affecting cosl.
Certain controlling factors such ;IS Basic design encompasses both concept design and pre- length, beam, horsepower, and deadweight would not 11,: liminary design. I t results in the determination of major expected t o change upon completion of this phase. In the overall design process, basic design is meet the mission requirements; this provides the basis I'or followed by contract design and detail design.
Contract Design. T h e contract design stage yields it suitable for shipyard bidding and contract award. Well set of plans and specifications which form an integral part. I t encompasses orit! This stage delineates more requirements.
Detail design is the shipyard's responsibility precisely such features as hull form based on a faired set of' for further developing the contract plans as required t o lines, powering based on model testing, seakeeping and prepare shop drawings used for the actual construction of maneuvering characteristics, t h e effect of number of pro- , the vessel.
Paramount, among the i sential. T h e contract design features, is a weight and center of gravity four steps involved are illustrated in the Design Spiral, estimate taking into account the location and weight of each Evans ' as a n iterative process working from mission requirements to a detail design, Fig.
These steps are amplified further below: a. Featuring a content prepared by the group of recognized and well respected authorities in a world of shipbuilding, this excellent publication is a perfect reference for all naval architects, ship constructors, ship designers and marine engineers - in fact for every single person interested in or working in the marine industry. The main emphasis has been made by the author of the volume upon the construction and design of the vessels in order to fulfill several specific missions.
Apart from the purely theoretical chapters such as the chapters on naval architecture principles, structural components of the ship's hull, analysis and design of the principal structures and ship construction fundamentals, the book also addresses the established ship construction practices and effective procedures, welding, assembly, launching and outfitting of the newly constructed ship, materials used for construction, applicable rules, regulations and standards, up to the sea trials and preparation of the vessel for delivery.
A glossary of the commonly used ship construction and design terminology is also included for easier use of the book. In short, we can say that this volume is definitely the most comprehensive one of those devoted to the ship design principles and major construction techniques.
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