See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file. Host alias specification. User alias specification. Cmnd alias specification. Members of the admin group may gain root privileges. Now your user account has sudo rights, or you are finally on that VIP list. In Ubuntu, there is a group called sudo that grant users added to it system rights after they have submitted their password. This specifies rights to it. The same goes for the admin group.
This indicates that admin and sudo are system groups. Now you do not need to use visudo as recommended. This is my preferred method. To write out and exit the sudoers file with nano, type control-X.
Here I assume that your Linux system is still supported. Before updating sudo , an optional step is to check the changelog of the sudo package to confirm that the sudo package has been patched for a known vulnerability.
In this example, the vulnerability under consideration is CVE You can skip checking the changelog if you are upgrading sudo as part of regular maintenance.
Note that, even after a successful update, sudo version may remain the same or one of affected versions. Rest assured. It is simply because often times a vulnerability patch is simply backported to an existing sudo version.
Thus, to verify the patch is successfully applied, it is recommended to test sudo against the vulnerability, as described previously. If we want to allow users to execute it with root privileges without having to type a password, we can make a rule like this:. For example, some programs, like less , can spawn other commands by typing this from within their interface:. This basically executes any command the user gives it with the same permissions that less is running under, which can be quite dangerous.
There are a few more pieces of information that may be useful when dealing with sudo. For convenience, by default, sudo will save your authentication details for a certain amount of time in one terminal. For security purposes, if you wish to clear this timer when you are done running administrative commands, you can run:. You will be prompted for your password, which will be cached for later sudo uses until the sudo time frame expires.
This gives you a good idea of what you will or will not be allowed to do with sudo as any user. There are many times when you will execute a command and it will fail because you forgot to preface it with sudo.
The double exclamation point will repeat the last command. We preceded it with sudo to quickly change the unprivileged command to a privileged command. This will cause sudo to return a silly insult when a user types in an incorrect password for sudo. We can use sudo -k to clear the previous sudo cached password to try it out:. You should now have a basic understanding of how to read and modify the sudoers file, and a grasp on the various methods that you can use to obtain root privileges.
Remember, super-user privileges are not given to regular users for a reason. It is essential that you understand what each command does that you execute with root privileges. Do not take the responsibility lightly.
Learn the best way to use these tools for your use-case, and lock down any functionality that is not needed. Where would you like to share this to?
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Related: Why don't the Ubuntu repositories have the latest versions of software? Please share the CVE number if you really worry. Just came out today, See here, usn.
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